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HOLEC J., BĚŤÁK J., DVOŘÁK D., KŘÍŽ M., KUCHAŘÍKOVÁ M., KRZYŚCIAK-KOSIŃSKA R., KUČERA T. (2019): Macrofungi on fallen oak trunks in the Białowieża Virgin Forest – ecological role of trunk parameters and surrounding vegetation. [lignicolous fungi, Quercus robur, Europe, fungal diversity, ecology, wood decay, trunk orientation, forest canopy gaps, heat load.] Czech Mycology 71(1): 65-89 (published: 18th June, 2019) Electronic supplement
abstract
All groups of macrofungi were recorded on 32 large fallen trunks of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) in various decay stages in the strictly protected zone of Białowieża National Park, Poland. The total number of species was 187 with 4–38 species per trunk. The mycobiota of individual trunks was unique, consisting of a variable set of several frequent species, a high number of infrequent to rare ones, and a considerable proportion of mycorrhizal fungi and species preferring conifer wood. Relations between trunk parameters, surrounding vegetation and fungal occurrences were analysed using multivariate statistical methods. The number of fungal species per trunk was significantly correlated with trunk orientation, which reflects the heat load via forest canopy gap, trunk size parameters, percentage of bark cover and contact with the soil. The species-richest trunks were those covered by bark, of larger volume (thick, long), not exposed to heat from afternoon sun, but, simultaneously, with lower canopy cover. Orientation (azimuth) of the fallen trunks proved to be significant also for the fungal species composition of a particular trunk, which also reflected trunk size characteristics, its moss/bark cover and contact with the soil. Presence of some dominants (Ganoderma applanatum, Mycena inclinata, Kretzschmaria deusta, Xylobolus frustulatus) had a significant effect on fungal community composition. Some herbs requiring nutrient-rich soils occurred in the vicinity of trunks with a larger contact area with the soil and in later stages of decay. The process of oak trunk decay in relation to fungi and surrounding vegetation is outlined.
HOLEC J., BĚŤÁK J., POUSKA V., DVOŘÁK D., ZÍBAROVÁ L., KOUT J., ADAM D. (2018): Old-growth forest fungus Antrodiella citrinella - distribution and ecology in the Czech Republic [macrofungi, polypore, habitats, substrates, phenology, indicator fungus, forest naturalness, Europe] Czech Mycology 70(2): 127-143 (published: 24th October, 2018) Electronic supplement
abstract
Localities and records of Antrodiella citrinella (Basidiomycota, Polyporales) in the Czech Republic are summarised and the ecology of the species is evaluated. The 31 localities are mostly situated in mountain regions, the highest number of records coming from elevations of 1200–1299 m.Less frequently, A. citrinella is found in highland regions, growing either on slopes of hills or on steep slopes and bottoms of deep river or stream valleys. Most records are from montane and supramontane spruce forests and submontane to montane mixed forests dominated by beech, spruce and fir. The fungus also occurs in waterlogged spruce forests and ravine forests. Most of the localities are protected as nature reserves or strictly protected zones of national parks. Picea abies is a preferred substrate, followed by Abies alba, Fagus sylvatica, and basidiomata of Fomitopsis pinicola. Almost all records are from fallen trunks 10–100 cm in diameter, rarely stumps or pieces of wood. The wood decay stage is 2–5, its peak in stage 3. The main fructification period is autumn, mainly October and November, and spring from March to the first half of June with the maximum in May. Summer records are rare. A distribution map for the Czech Republic is published and data on occurrence in other European countries are compiled and discussed. The Czech distribution data are confronted with the GIS map layer of the Czech natural forests databank containing exact data on naturalness of forest stands. This analysis shows that A. citrinella clearly prefers virgin, natural and near-natural forest stands, i.e. old-growth forests, therefore it can be used as an indicator of this habitat.
DVOŘÁK D., BĚŤÁK J., TOMŠOVSKÝ M. (2014): Aurantiporus alborubescens (Basidiomycota, Polyporales) - first record in the Carpathians and notes on its systematic position. [Aurantiporus, phylogeny, old-growth forests, beech forests, indicator species] Czech Mycology 66(1): 71-84 (published: 4th June, 2014)
abstract
The authors present the first collection of the rare old-growth forest polypore Aurantiporus alborubescens in the Carpathians, supported by a description of macro- and microscopic features. Its European distribution and ecological demands are discussed. LSU rDNA sequences of the collected material were also analysed and compared with those of A. fissilis and A. croceus as well as some other polyporoid and corticioid species, in order to resolve the phylogenetic placement of the studied species. Based on the results of the molecular analysis, the homogeneity of the genus Aurantiporus Murrill in the sense of Jahn is questioned.
BĚŤÁK J. (2013): Distribution and ecology of Lactarius rostratus and Lactarius rubrocinctus (Basidiomycota, Russulales) in the Czech Republic. [Lactarius subgenus Russularia, soil pH, bioindicator, distribution maps] Czech Mycology 65(1): 25-43 (published: 10th June, 2013)
abstract
Lactarius rostratus and Lactarius rubrocinctus are two insufficiently known species of the Czech mycobiota. The historical data on occurrence of both species in the Czech Republic are summarised and recent localities are published. Original descriptions and colour illustrations of the species are provided. Differences with similar taxa are highlighted. The ecological preferences of both taxa supported by measurements of soil parameters from selected recent localities are outlined and discussed. L. rostratus should be characterised as an indicator species of valuable and unusual ectomycorrhizal communities associated with nutrient-poor beech forests on steep slopes on shallow and sandy to loamy-sandy soils. L. rubrocinctus favours near-natural mesophilous beech forests on base-rich substrates, although in the Carpathian part of Moravia it was recorded on comparatively acid soils as well.
BĚŤÁK J., PÄRTEL K., KŘÍŽ M. (2012): Ionomidotis irregularis (Ascomycota, Helotiales) in the Czech Republic with comments on its distribution and ecology in Europe. [Ionomidotis irregularis, distribution, ecology, indicator species, old-growth forests] Czech Mycology 64(1): 79-92 (published: 2nd July, 2012)
abstract
The first collections of the rare ascomycete Ionomidotis irregularis from the Czech Republic are described and illustrated with colour photos and drawings of the most important microscopic characters. Data on ecology and occurrence at 17 localities throughout Europe including some unpublished data are summarised. Evidently, I. irregularis prefers strongly decayed trunks of Fagus sylvatica as its substrate within the European beech distribution area. In North-eastern Europe, where Fagus is missing, the occurrence of the fungus is documented on decayed wood of several other deciduous tree species (Alnus incana, Betula sp., Carpinus betulus, Ulmus glabra). Because of its strong preferences for unmanaged, old-growth forests, I. irregularis should be considered an indicator and flagship species of such habitats throughout Europe.
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